[article] 
inEthique et santé > n° 1 [01/03/2022] . - p.54-57

Titre :	Legitimacy in international law of Australian border closure to own citizens
Type de document :	Article
Auteurs :	Albert Boretti, Auteur
Année de publication :	2022
Article en page(s) :	p.54-57
Langues :	Français (fre)
Mots-clés :	AUSTRALIE CITOYENNETE DROIT INTERNATIONAL EPIDEMIE LEGISLATION LEGITIMITE VACCIN
Résumé :	The right of return in international law guarantees everyone's right of voluntary return to their country of citizenship. The right is formulated in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1948 Fourth Geneva Convention, and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. As these declarations are customary international law, the right of return is binding also for those countries, which did not sign the above conventions. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, this right is limited in Australia, and especially the state of Victoria, through the instrument of cap-on-arrival, further reduced cap-on-arrival, temporary-airport-closure, and mandatory hotel-quarantine-detention. Citizens are also prevented from leaving. Common sense, successful experiences of other countries, and also the recommendation by the Board of Inquiry into the Covid-19 hotel quarantine program of Victoria, are in favor of case-based hybrid approaches, including home-based quarantine, for citizens returning from overseas. This advice is not followed. As a result, 40,000 Australian citizens are officially stranded overseas not being permitted to return, while many more are prevented from leaving. However, selected foreigners are granted permission to enter or leave despite they are nominally not allowed. After the WHO declared Covid-19 a pandemic on 11-3-2020, most countries closed their borders, but not to their returning citizens. After 19 months, Australia's borders are still closed. The situation is dramatic especially in the state of Victoria, where the airport is often suddenly closed to commercial flights.
Cote :	.
Permalink :	https://pmb.pfps-churennes.bzh/pmb_ifsi/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id

[article] Legitimacy in international law of Australian border closure to own citizens [Article] / Albert Boretti, Auteur . - 2022 . - p.54-57.
Langues : Français (fre)
in Ethique et santé > n° 1 [01/03/2022] . - p.54-57

Mots-clés :	AUSTRALIE CITOYENNETE DROIT INTERNATIONAL EPIDEMIE LEGISLATION LEGITIMITE VACCIN
Résumé :	The right of return in international law guarantees everyone's right of voluntary return to their country of citizenship. The right is formulated in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1948 Fourth Geneva Convention, and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. As these declarations are customary international law, the right of return is binding also for those countries, which did not sign the above conventions. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, this right is limited in Australia, and especially the state of Victoria, through the instrument of cap-on-arrival, further reduced cap-on-arrival, temporary-airport-closure, and mandatory hotel-quarantine-detention. Citizens are also prevented from leaving. Common sense, successful experiences of other countries, and also the recommendation by the Board of Inquiry into the Covid-19 hotel quarantine program of Victoria, are in favor of case-based hybrid approaches, including home-based quarantine, for citizens returning from overseas. This advice is not followed. As a result, 40,000 Australian citizens are officially stranded overseas not being permitted to return, while many more are prevented from leaving. However, selected foreigners are granted permission to enter or leave despite they are nominally not allowed. After the WHO declared Covid-19 a pandemic on 11-3-2020, most countries closed their borders, but not to their returning citizens. After 19 months, Australia's borders are still closed. The situation is dramatic especially in the state of Victoria, where the airport is often suddenly closed to commercial flights.
Cote :	.
Permalink :	https://pmb.pfps-churennes.bzh/pmb_ifsi/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id